Patient Reported Impact of Spasticity Measure (PRISM)
Measure: Patient Reported Impact of Spasticity Measure (PRISM) [1].
Description: A health-related (QoL) measure of subjective well-being that assesses the impact of spinal cord injury (SCI)-related spasticity on quality of life (QoL) from the patient’s perspective and has seven sub-scales, which include: ‘Social Avoidance/Anxiety’, ‘Psychological Agitation’, ‘Daily Activities’, ‘Need for Assistance/Positioning’, ‘Need for Intervention’, and ‘Social Embarrassment’. It accounts for both the negative and positive aspects associated with spasticity.
Format: 41 items ranked on a 5-point scale:
0 = Never true for me
1 = Rarely true for me
3 = Often true for me
4 = Very often true for me
Scoring: Seven subjective well-being scales are embedded into the PRISM, where items are averaged and multiplied.
Administration and Burden: Interviewer-administered; Self-administered. Approximately 10 minutes.
Psychometrics for SCI: The PRISM demonstrates good reliability in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α =.74. to 96) and reproducibility (Intra-class correlation co-efficient = .82 to .91). The scale appears to have good content validity. Further work required to establish psychometric properties for the SCI population, especially with respect to validity (construct, discriminative, and convergent).
Language(s): English.
QoL Concept: The PRISM is a Health-Related QoL measure of Subjective Well-Being related to spasticity, which corresponds to Boxes C (achievements) and E (subjective evaluations and reactions) of Dijker’s Model.
Permissions/Where to Obtain: Copyrighted; The PRISM may be obtained at the University of Washington Center on Outcomes Research in Rehabilitation at: http://uwcorr.washington.edu/prism.htm
References:
- Cook KF, Teal CR, Engebretson JC, Hart KA, Mahoney JS, Robinson-Whelen S, Sherwood AM. Development and validation of Patient Reported Impact of Spasticity Measure (PRISM). J Rehabil Res Dev. 2007;44:363-71.
CLICK ON THE LISTED SECONDARY HEALTH CONDITIONS ON THE LEFT TO READ HOW THE PRISM HAS BEEN USED WITH A PARTICULAR CONDITION
Spasticity SCI Studies: One cross-sectional observational study:
- Cook KF, Teal CR, Engebretson JC, Hart KA, Mahoney JS, Robinson-Whelen S et al. Development and validty of patient reported impact of spasticity measure (PRISM). J Rehabil Res Dev 2007;44:363-72.
Sensitivity to Impact: Cook and colleagues (2007) developed a condition-specific measure, the Patient Reported Impact of Spasticity Measure (PRISM), to assess the impact of spinal cord injury (SCI)-related spasticity on quality of life (QoL; N = 180). The results of the reliability and validity assessments indicated that the PRISM sub-scale scores effectively measure the impact of spasticity. The validation of the tool was assessed using apriori hypotheses regarding whom would rate spasticity as being problematic and whom would rate it as being beneficial. Although their hypotheses were partially confirmed, the use of an established measure as a comparator would have been useful in assessing its psychometric properties and clinical utility. The authors concluded further work is needed to refine and validate the tool.
Suggestions for Use: Further work using the PRISM to help improve its psychometric properties and clinical utility is recommended, and may be done so by using the PRISM in conjunction with either another measure of subjective well-being (e.g., the Quality of Life Index [QLI] SCI-Version) and/or health-related quality of life (HRQoL; e.g., Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]).
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